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A qubit (quantum bit) is the basic unit of information in a quantum computer, analogous to the bit in a classical computer. The key difference is: Classical bit: Can be either 0 or 1. Qubit: Can exist in a superposition of both 0 and 1 at the same time until it is measured. Mathematically, a qubit is written as: |\psi\rangle = \alpha|0\rangle + \beta|1\rangle where:  and are complex numbers called probability amplitudes. They satisfy: |\alpha|^2 + |\beta|^2 = 1 The qubit becomes 0 with probability . The qubit becomes 1 with probability . Qubits also have two uniquely quantum properties: 1. Superposition: A qubit can represent multiple possible states simultaneously. 2. Entanglement: Two or more qubits can become correlated so that measuring one instantly determines information about the others, regardless of distance. Why are qubits powerful? With classical bits, you can represent one of possible values at a time. With qubits, the system can exist in a superposition...